EMP's (electro-magnetic-pulses) originate from lightning strikes (LEMP) or from nuclear explosions (NEMP). These fast rising electrical fields induce high voltage pulses in unprotected coaxial cables, antennas, data communication cables, or power cables from where they can be directly transmitted to the input of electronic equipment.

Lightning protection is essential for permanent station implementation, and proper system grounding is essential for any lightning protection to work. UNAVCO provides a grounding terminal in its enclosure design that, when connected to a 8 foot grounding rod, provides protection for permanent station equipment.